氣(qi)(qi)體分(fen)析(xi)儀是一種(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)儀器，是用(yong)(yong)來檢(jian)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)成(cheng)分(fen)和含量(liang)的(de)傳感器產品，被廣泛用(yong)(yong)于石油、化工(gong)、機械、治金、環保等領(ling)域中。氣(qi)(qi)體分(fen)析(xi)儀的(de)常見類型(xing)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)都了解嗎(ma)?今(jin)天小編就來具體介(jie)紹(shao)一下氣(qi)(qi)體分(fen)析(xi)儀的(de)常見類型(xing)及(ji)應用(yong)(yong)，希望(wang)可以幫(bang)助到大家。

　　熱(re)導式

　　一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)物理類的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)表(biao)。它根(gen)據不(bu)同氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)具有不(bu)同熱(re)(re)(re)傳導(dao)(dao)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理，通(tong)過測(ce)定(ding)混合氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)數(shu)來(lai)(lai)推(tui)算其(qi)中某些組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)。這種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)表(biao)簡單可(ke)靠(kao),適(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)種(zhong)(zhong)類較多,是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)表(biao)。但直接測(ce)量(liang)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)數(shu)比較困(kun)難(nan)，所以實際(ji)上(shang)常把氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)轉換(huan)為電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，再用(yong)(yong)電(dian)橋(qiao)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)定(ding)。熱(re)(re)(re)導(dao)(dao)式氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)主要有半(ban)(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)敏(min)感元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)和金屬電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)兩類。半(ban)(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)敏(min)感元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)積小、熱(re)(re)(re)慣性小，電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)溫度(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)大,所以靈敏(min)度(du)(du)高,時間滯后(hou)小。在鉑線(xian)圈上(shang)燒結(jie)珠形(xing)金屬氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物作(zuo)(zuo)為敏(min)感元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，再在內電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)、發熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)均相等的(de)(de)(de)(de)同樣鉑線(xian)圈上(shang)繞(rao)結(jie)對氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)無反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料作(zuo)(zuo)為補償用(yong)(yong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。這兩種(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)為兩臂構(gou)成(cheng)電(dian)橋(qiao)電(dian)路，即是測(ce)量(liang)回路。半(ban)(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)金屬氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物敏(min)感元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)吸附被測(ce)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)時，電(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)和熱(re)(re)(re)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)即發生變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)散熱(re)(re)(re)狀態也隨之變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)溫度(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)使鉑線(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，電(dian)橋(qiao)遂(sui)有一(yi)(yi)不(bu)平衡電(dian)壓(ya)輸出，據此可(ke)檢測(ce)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)。熱(re)(re)(re)導(dao)(dao)式氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍很(hen)廣，除通(tong)常用(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)氫氣(qi)、氨氣(qi)、二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)、二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)硫和低濃度(du)(du)可(ke)燃性氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)含(han)量(liang)外，還可(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)為色譜分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀(yi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)以分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)其(qi)他成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。

　　熱磁式

　　熱磁式氧分析儀

　　其原理(li)是(shi)利用煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組分(fen)中(zhong)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)磁(ci)化(hua)率特別(bie)高這一物理(li)特性來(lai)測定煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)含(han)氧(yang)(yang)量(liang)(liang)。氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為順磁(ci)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)能被(bei)磁(ci)場所吸引(yin)的(de)(de)稱為順磁(ci)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti))，在不均勻磁(ci)場中(zhong)受到(dao)吸引(yin)而(er)流向磁(ci)場較強處(chu)。在該處(chu)設有加熱絲，使此(ci)處(chu)氧(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升高而(er)磁(ci)化(hua)率下降(jiang)，因而(er)磁(ci)場吸引(yin)力(li)減小，受后面(mian)磁(ci)化(hua)率較高的(de)(de)未被(bei)加熱的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)子推擠而(er)排(pai)出磁(ci)場，由(you)此(ci)造成“熱磁(ci)對流"或“磁(ci)風(feng)"現象(xiang)。在一定的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)樣壓力(li)、溫(wen)(wen)度(du)和流量(liang)(liang)下，通過測量(liang)(liang)磁(ci)風(feng)大小就可(ke)測得氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)樣中(zhong)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)。由(you)于(yu)熱敏(min)元件(jian)(鉑絲)既作(zuo)(zuo)為不平衡電橋的(de)(de)兩個(ge)橋臂(bei)(bei)電阻，又作(zuo)(zuo)為加熱電阻絲，在磁(ci)風(feng)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用下出現溫(wen)(wen)度(du)梯度(du)，即(ji)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)側橋臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)低于(yu)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)側橋臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)。不平衡電橋將隨著氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)樣中(zhong)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)不同(tong)，輸出相應的(de)(de)電壓值(zhi)。

　　熱磁(ci)式(shi)氧(yang)分析(xi)儀具有結構(gou)簡單(dan)、便于制造(zao)和調整等優點。

　　電化(hua)學(xue)式

　　一種化學(xue)(xue)類的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)分析(xi)儀(yi)表(biao)。它根據化學(xue)(xue)反應所(suo)引(yin)起的(de)(de)離子量(liang)的(de)(de)變化或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變化來測(ce)量(liang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)成分。為了提(ti)高選(xuan)(xuan)擇性，防止測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)表(biao)面(mian)沾污(wu)和(he)(he)(he)保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液性能，一般(ban)采用(yong)隔膜結構。常用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)式(shi)分析(xi)儀(yi)有定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)伽伐尼(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池式(shi)兩種。定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)式(shi)分析(xi)儀(yi)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)原理是(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上施加(jia)特定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)表(biao)面(mian)就(jiu)(jiu)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)作(zuo)用(yong)，只(zhi)要測(ce)量(liang)加(jia)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，即可確(que)定被(bei)(bei)(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)*的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，從而使儀(yi)表(biao)具有選(xuan)(xuan)擇識別被(bei)(bei)(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)能力。伽伐尼(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池式(shi)分析(xi)儀(yi)是(shi)(shi)將透過(guo)隔膜而擴散到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液中(zhong)的(de)(de)被(bei)(bei)(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)，測(ce)量(liang)所(suo)形成的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，就(jiu)(jiu)能確(que)定被(bei)(bei)(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)濃度。通(tong)過(guo)選(xuan)(xuan)擇不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)材料和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液來改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓從而實現對具有不同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇性。

　　紅(hong)外線吸收式

　　根據不同組(zu)(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)氣體對不同波長的(de)紅外(wai)線具有選擇(ze)性吸(xi)收的(de)特性而工作的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)儀(yi)(yi)表。測(ce)量這種吸(xi)收光譜可(ke)判別(bie)出氣體的(de)種類(lei);測(ce)量吸(xi)收強度可(ke)確定被(bei)測(ce)氣體的(de)濃度。紅外(wai)線分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)使用范圍寬，不僅可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)氣體成分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，也可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)溶液成分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，且靈敏度較高，反應迅速,能在線連續指示,也可(ke)組(zu)(zu)成調節(jie)系統(tong)。工業上(shang)常用的(de)紅外(wai)線氣體分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)檢測(ce)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)由兩個并列(lie)的(de)結構(gou)相同的(de)光學系統(tong)組(zu)(zu)成。

　　一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是參比室(shi)(shi)。兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)切光板以(yi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)周(zhou)期(qi)同時或交替(ti)開閉光路(lu)(lu)。在(zai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)中導入(ru)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體后，具有被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體*波(bo)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光被(bei)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)，從而使透過(guo)(guo)(guo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)光路(lu)(lu)而進(jin)(jin)入(ru)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)少。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)高，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)就(jiu)越(yue)(yue)少;而透過(guo)(guo)(guo)參比室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，進(jin)(jin)入(ru)到紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也一(yi)(yi)定(ding)。因此，被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)高，透過(guo)(guo)(guo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)和參比室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)差值就(jiu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)差值是以(yi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)周(zhou)期(qi)振動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振幅投射到紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)用(yong)幾微(wei)米厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬薄膜(mo)分隔為兩(liang)半(ban)部，室(shi)(shi)內(nei)封有濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)組分氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體，在(zai)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)波(bo)長范圍內(nei)能(neng)將射入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)全(quan)部吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)，從而使脈動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光通(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)為溫度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)期(qi)變(bian)化(hua)，再可(ke)根據氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)態方程使溫度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)轉換為壓力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，然后用(yong)電(dian)容(rong)式傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)來檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，經過(guo)(guo)(guo)放大(da)(da)處理后指示出被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)。除(chu)用(yong)電(dian)容(rong)式傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，也可(ke)用(yong)直接(jie)(jie)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)子式紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，并(bing)采用(yong)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)干涉濾光片進(jin)(jin)行(xing)波(bo)長選擇和配以(yi)可(ke)調激光器(qi)(qi)作光源，形成一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)嶄新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)固體式紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體分析儀。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)分析儀只(zhi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)光源、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)室(shi)(shi)、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)能(neng)完(wan)成氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。此外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，若采用(yong)裝(zhuang)有多個(ge)不同波(bo)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濾光盤，則能(neng)同時分別測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)多組分氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)。